安全 on Commentary of Takao

OWASP ZAP in 2026: 進階 Scanning and CI/CD Integration

Tue, 09 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0900

Beyond Basic Scanning

OWASP ZAP has evolved significantly since its early days. In 2026, it is no longer just a point-and-click proxy scanner — it is a full-featured security automation platform with a powerful API, a scriptable automation framework, and deep CI/CD integration. If you need the basics first, read our OWASP ZAP installation and setup guide. This article covers advanced workflows for teams running security tests at scale.

API Scanning with ZAP

Modern applications rely heavily on REST and GraphQL APIs. ZAP’s OpenAPI and GraphQL 支援 allows you to scan APIs without a browser.

為 Hugo 部落格設計現代內容安全策略

Fri, 05 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0900

為什麼 CSP 對於靜態網站很重要

使用 Hugo 建立的靜態網站本質上比動態應用程式更安全，但它們仍然執行用於分析、廣告和嵌入的第三方腳本。 內容安全策略 (CSP) 透過控制可以載入的資源來保護您的訪客免受 XSS、資料注入和惡意腳本執行的侵害。

使用 SSH 金鑰代替 GPG 金鑰進行 Git 提交簽名

Mon, 25 May 2026 00:00:00 +0900

長期以來，GPG（GNU Privacy Guard）金鑰是簽署 Git 提交以證明身份並防止篡改的行業標準。然而，設定 GPG 涉及產生密鑰環、管理過期日期和調試後台代理，這給開發人員帶來了很大的麻煩。

Testing CSP 規矩 Safely with Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only

Fri, 15 May 2026 00:00:00 +0900

Deploying a Content Security Policy is one of the strongest defenses against XSS attacks. But a single misconfigured directive can silently break inline scripts, block CDN resources, or disable analytics. If you apply CSP directly via the Content-Security-Policy header and a critical script gets blocked, your production site breaks—often without an obvious error console notification.

This is where Report-Only mode saves the day.

網路安全中 JWT 令牌與有狀態會話的比較

Fri, 20 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0900

介紹

身份驗證是每個 Web 應用程式的支柱。出現了兩種主要模式：無狀態 JWT（JSON Web 令牌） 身份驗證和 基於狀態會話 身份驗證。兩者都解決相同的問題——在後續請求中驗證用戶是誰——但它們在儲存、撤銷和安全屬性方面有根本的不同。本文提供了詳細的比較，以幫助您選擇適合您的應用程式的方法。

域安全性：設定 SPF、DKIM 和 DMARC 設定

Sun, 15 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0900

介紹

電子郵件驗證對於防止網域欺騙、網路釣魚和垃圾郵件資料夾拒絕至關重要。三個基於 DNS 的標準 — SPF、DKIM 和 DMARC — 共同驗證聲稱來自您的網域的電子郵件是否合法。如果沒有這些記錄，攻擊者就可以代表您發送偽造的電子郵件，而合法電子郵件可能會進入收件者的垃圾郵件資料夾。本指南解釋了每個標準並展示如何在 Cloudflare 或您的 DNS 提供者上配置它們。

使用HSTS策略安全地實施HTTPS連接

Fri, 16 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0900

第一個請求問題

HTTPS 在建立連線後對流量進行加密，但對 HTTP URL 的初始請求仍以明文形式傳送。同網路上的攻擊者可以攔截第一個請求，執行 SSL 分割攻擊，將使用者在整個會話中降級為 HTTP。

CORS的工作原理以及修復訪問阻止錯誤

Mon, 15 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0900

介紹

CORS（來源資源共享）是一種瀏覽器安全，用於控制來自一個來源的網頁機制如何請求來自不同來源的資源。當https://app.example.com處的前端嘗試從https://api.example.org取得資料時，瀏覽器預設強制執行同源策略。 CORS提供了一種突破HTTP標頭來放寬此策略的受控方法。本文介紹了完整的CORS流程、預檢請求以及如何修復常見的跨存取阻止錯誤。

審核 NPM 依賴關係：Snyk 和自動化修補程式管理

Sat, 15 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0900

供應鏈問題

現代 JavaScript 應用程式提供了數以萬計的傳遞依賴項。每一個都是潛在的攻擊媒介。 event-stream 事件（2018 年）將惡意程式包注入到流行的依賴項中，這表示漏洞可能來自樹中的任何位置。在這種規模下，僅依靠人工審核是不可能的。

使用 GPG 或 SSH 和驗證徽章簽署 Git 提交

Thu, 25 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0900

在 GitHub 上查看提交日誌時，您可能會注意到某些提交旁邊有一個綠色的「已驗證」徽章。此標籤表示提交已加密簽名並確認來自合法的、經過驗證的使用者。

預設情況下，Git 允許開發人員使用 git config user.email 等簡單命令來配置他們選擇的任何名稱和電子郵件地址。這意味著冒充是微不足道的。為了確保身份驗證並防止未經授權的貢獻，強烈建議提交簽名。

緩解 CSRF：SameSite Cookie 屬性和 CSRF 令牌

Mon, 25 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0900

介紹

Cookie 是管理使用者驗證狀態的便利機制。當會話 ID 儲存在 cookie 中時，瀏覽器會自動將其附加到針對該網域的傳出 HTTP 請求。

但是，此自動附件功能會被 跨站點請求偽造 (CSRF) 攻擊所利用。

Why and 如何 Adopt 'strict-dynamic' in CSP

Sun, 15 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0900

Introduction

Implementing a Content Security Policy (CSP) is a highly effective way to mitigate Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) risks. However, configuring and maintaining the policy can become a major headache.

For websites utilizing third-party SDKs (such as Google Tag Manager, analytics beacons, 支付 widgets, or social sharing buttons), these scripts often dynamically load (inject) additional scripts from nested domains. This forces developers to maintain a long, fragile whitelist of external domains in the script-src directive.

Web開發中XSS的防禦原則

Tue, 25 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0900

介紹

在網路安全中，跨站腳本 (XSS) 是最古老、最持久的漏洞之一。

如果惡意腳本在受害者的瀏覽器上執行，它們可能會破壞整個會話、竊取會話令牌 (cookie)、劫持帳戶或動態變更頁面內容以取得敏感憑證。

子資源完整性：保護您的 CDN 依賴項

Fri, 20 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0900

子資源完整性 (SRI) 是一項安全功能，可讓瀏覽器驗證從 CDN 或第三方來源取得的資源是否未被竄改。在供應鏈攻擊的時代——英國航空 Magecart 漏洞、Polyfill.io 洩漏以及眾多 CDN 事件——SRI 提供加密保證，確保您的頁面加載的資源正是您想要的。

Secure Cookie Configuration: A Complete Web Developer 指南

Mon, 09 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0900

Cookies remain one of the most frequently misconfigured security controls on the web. A single missing attribute can expose your application to session hijacking, CSRF, or cross-site information leakage. Modern browsers have pushed stricter defaults, but understanding each attribute and combining them correctly is essential for defense-in-depth.

The core security attributes are Secure, HttpOnly, SameSite, and the __Host- / __Secure- prefixes. Each serves a distinct purpose, and they work best when combined.

SQL Injection 預防: Modern Database Security 指南

Tue, 01 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0900

SQL injection remains in the OWASP Top 10 despite decades of awareness. The 2023-2024 period saw high-profile breaches in healthcare, e-commerce, and government sectors involving SQLi. While the classic ' OR 1=1 -- attack is well-known, modern variants include second-order injection, blind SQLi (time-based and boolean-based), and out-of-band exfiltration. Prevention is well-understood but poorly executed due to legacy code, ORM misuse, and insufficient testing automation.

Parameterized Queries and Prepared Statements

Prepared statements are the gold standard for SQL injection prevention. They separate SQL logic from data at the database engine level, making it impossible for user input to alter query structure.

貨櫃安全掃描：保護您的供應鏈

Tue, 16 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0900

容器安全不再是可選的。隨著供應鏈攻擊的增加，保護容器映像從建置到運行的整個過程是任何運行容器化工作負載的組織的基本要求。僅運行時安全是不夠的；供應鏈安全必須從形象建構階段開始。

使用 Vaultwarden 和 Bitwarden SSH 代理程式管理 SSH 金鑰

Thu, 20 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

為什麼將 SSH 金鑰儲存在密碼管理器中

SSH 金鑰是對遠端伺服器、Git 供應商和內部基礎架構進行身份驗證的黃金標準。然而，大多數開發人員將它們儲存為普通檔案在 ~/.ssh/ 下 - 不受保護、未同步且未經審核。將 SSH 金鑰移至 Vaultwarden（或 Bitwarden）解決了三個基本問題：

API 速率限制策略：保護您的服務

Tue, 07 May 2024 00:00:00 +0900

速率限制是任何生產 API 的關鍵組成部分。它可以保護後端服務免遭濫用，確保公平的資源分配，保持負載下的效能，並減輕拒絕服務攻擊。本文研究了主要的速率限制演算法、它們的權衡以及設計穩健系統的最佳實踐。

WebAuthn and Passkeys: Passwordless 道地ation in 2024

Tue, 02 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0900

Passwords have been the primary authentication mechanism for decades, but they come with well-documented security and usability problems. WebAuthn (Web Authentication) and the emerging passkey 生態系 promise to replace passwords with cryptographically secure, phishing-resistant authentication. As of 2024, passkey 支援 has reached critical mass across all major platforms, making this the ideal time to implement passwordless authentication.

Understanding WebAuthn

WebAuthn is a W3C standard that enables public-key cryptography-based authentication on the web. The core flow involves two operations: registration and authentication. During registration, the server sends a cryptographic challenge to the client, the authenticator creates a new key pair, and the public key is stored on the server. During authentication, the server sends a challenge, the authenticator signs it with the private key, and the server verifies the signature against the stored public key.

Vaultwarden: Self-Hosted Password Manager Installation 指南

Fri, 15 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0000

What is Vaultwarden?

Vaultwarden is an open-source, self-hosted implementation of the Bitwarden server API, written in Rust. It is designed to be lightweight and resource-efficient compared to the official Bitwarden server, which requires a Microsoft SQL Server database and substantial system resources. Vaultwarden supports all official Bitwarden clients — desktop, browser extensions, mobile apps, and CLI — without any modification.

By self-hosting Vaultwarden, you retain full control over your password data. No third-party service ever touches your encrypted vault. The project is mature, actively maintained, and suitable for both single-user deployments and small teams.

OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect: Modern 道地ation 指南

Mon, 29 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0900

OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect form the backbone of modern web authentication and authorization. Despite their ubiquity, these protocols are frequently misunderstood and misconfigured, leading to preventable security vulnerabilities. This guide covers the core concepts, implementation patterns, and security best practices you need to integrate authentication securely in your applications.

OAuth 2.0 Fundamentals

OAuth 2.0 is an authorization framework, not an authentication protocol. This distinction is critical: OAuth defines how a client application can obtain delegated access to protected resources, but it does not specify how to verify the user’s identity. That is where OpenID Connect comes in.